Reference-Superimposed Reconstruction (RS-Recon) for Arterial Spin Labeling.

Дата публикации: 30-07-2026 00:00:00

PURPOSE: Conventional arterial spin labeling (ASL) reconstruction suffers from sign-flipping errors and/or noise bias under strong background suppression (BS), limiting SNR optimization. We propose reference-superimposed reconstruction (RS-recon) to enable ideal BS and robust signal recovery. METHODS: RS-recon superimposes high-SNR M0 k-space data onto ASL k-space before reconstruction, with subsequent reference subtraction. Four volunteers underwent 3T scanning with pulsed ASL, pseudo-continuous ASL, and dual-module velocity-selective ASL across varying BS levels. RS-recon integrated reconstruction pipelines were compared to standard magnitude (Mag), complex subtraction (ComplexSub), and complex (Complex) reconstruction pipelines. The performance was evaluated by metrics including ASL signal, temporal SNR (tSNR), artifacts, misalignment robustness, and generalized auto-calibrating partially parallel acquisitions (GRAPPA) compatibility. RESULTS: RS-recon eliminated subtraction...

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