A federal judge has temporarily blocked the Department of Homeland Security from accessing a database containing records on approximately 17 million commercial drivers as the Trump administration seeks to identify illegal immigrants holding commercial driver’s licenses.

U.S. District Judge Anthony Trenga issued an administrative stay preventing DHS from accessing records maintained by the American Association of Motor Vehicle Administrators. Trenga, who was appointed by President George W. Bush, also ordered the department to return records it had already obtained and prohibited officials from reviewing them.

The order follows a lawsuit brought by a coalition of Democratic-led states challenging the federal government’s demand for the data.

The states argue that DHS does not have authority to obtain the records in bulk and should instead be required to issue individual subpoenas for information it seeks, according to FreightWaves.

The Trump administration asserts that access to the database is necessary to identify immigrants who are in the country illegally but have received commercial driver’s licenses from states. Federal officials say the effort is intended to determine whether licenses were improperly issued and improve highway safety.

The dispute comes amid heightened scrutiny of states that issue driver’s licenses to immigrants regardless of their legal status and broader concerns about licensing standards for commercial truck drivers.

Transportation Secretary Sean Duffy criticized the lawsuit and vowed that the administration would continue its effort.

“We won’t compromise on road safety. Liberal states are suing @USDOT to stop us from making sure our roads are safe,” Duffy wrote on X. “They are prioritizing illegal immigrant truckers over American citizens.”

“We aren’t backing down,” he added.

The legal battle is the latest battle between the Trump administration and Democratic-led states over immigration enforcement and how much state-held information must be made available to federal authorities.

The administrative stay does not resolve the underlying dispute over whether DHS is legally entitled to obtain the records. Instead, it temporarily prevents the department from accessing and reviewing the database while the court considers the states’ challenge.