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SpaceX
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NASA
СпутникиРНSpaceXРоскосмосNASAIn this issue of JAMA Ophthalmology, Wang et al present CaptureTumor (CaT), a smartphone-based artificial intelligence (AI) system for self-screening of pigmented ocular surface malignancies, validated in a 6-month prospective nationwide implementation study in China. Over this period, multimedia outreach reached 256 053 individuals. Of these, 614 participants successfully submitted lesion photographs through a dedicated mobile application, resulting in the discovery and histopathologic confirmation of 20 malignancies, including 14 eyelid basal cell carcinomas and 6 malignant melanomas. This “closed-loop” model, which integrates public education, AI-guided triage, and specialist referral, is a noteworthy achievement in its own right and offers a compelling proof of concept for decentralized rare-disease screening. However, this tool’s success moving forward depends on 3 key questions: how the model generalizes to a globally diverse patient population, who within any community engages with the technology, and how reliably the headline performance figures transfer to autonomous deployment at scale.