Field studies show that demand flexibility in residential buildings can save up to 20% in energy costs, but requires secure, automated, and reliable coordination across multiple devices and stakeholders. Integration between platforms is typically done on a one-to-one basis,
requiring device-specific and platform-specific programming and updates. This manual process is expensive, as developers must manage protocol translation and data exchange through proprietary or reverse-engineered APIs, often without a consistent or standardized data format. This fragmented approach hinders scalability and slows the adoption of demand flexibility technologies.
Recently, several communication protocols have emerged in the US to address these challenges by defining common data models and standard interfaces for device-to-grid and
device-to-device interactions. Although many of these protocols intend to provide comprehensive interoperability, in practice, each addresses a specific segment of...