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РН
SpaceX
Роскосмос
NASA
СпутникиРНSpaceXРоскосмосNASAPublication date: 1 May 2026
Source: Nano Hybrids and Composites Vol. 51
Author(s): Muhammad Shahzad Sadiq, Muhammad Imran
The convergence of escalating energy demand and finite fossil fuel reserves has created an urgent, global imperative for sustainable and renewable energy. Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have quickly become a leading contender in photovoltaics. Their appeal lies in superior optoelectronic properties, high light absorption capabilities, and cost-effective manufacturing, positioning them as a strong alternative to traditional silicon solar cells. However, significant challenges remain, particularly concerning efficiency, long-term stability, and the reproducibility of device performance. This research addresses these issues by focusing on the crucial role of electron transport materials (ETMs). An Ag/rGO/TiO2 ternary nanocomposite through a simple hydrothermal method, designed to function as a highly effective electron transport layer (ETL) in planar PSCs. When integrated into a PSC and measured under standard AM 1.5G (100 mW/cm²) conditions, the optimized Ag/rGO/TiO2 ETL delivered a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.72% ± 0.25% (based on an average of N=5 devices). The champion device showed a short-circuit current density (JSC) of 14.98 mA/cm², an open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.99 V, and a fill factor (FF) of 58.83%. This performance represents a notable improvement over the reference device using pristine TiO₂, which achieved a PCE of 6.56% ± 0.31% (JSC = 13.1 mA/cm², VOC = 0.95 V, and FF = 52.7%) under identical conditions. This enhancement confirms that the doped materials significantly improve photovoltaic performance by promoting efficient charge transport and suppressing recombination. This work outlines a straightforward and low-cost approach to creating advanced ETMs, which is a vital step toward the commercialization of next-generation perovskite devices.
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